Oxford Aviation – Polikarpov I-16 , ’72’ Luo Ying Te ROCAF , Sino-Japanese War

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                     Polikarpov I-16

Polikarpov I-16 byl sovětský jednomístný jednomotorový stíhací letoun dolnoplošné koncepce zkonstruovaný N. N. Polikarpovem. Ve třicátých letech 20. století se stal jedním ze symbolů sovětské konstruktérské školy a nejvýkonnější sovětskou stíhačkou v tomto období.

The Polikarpov I-16 was a Soviet fighter aircraft of revolutionary design; it was the world’s first low-wing cantilever monoplane fighter with retractable landing gear to attain operational status and as such “introduced a new vogue in fighter design.” The I-16 was introduced in the mid-1930s and formed the backbone of the Soviet Air Force at the beginning of World War II. The diminutive fighter, nicknamed “Ishak” or “Ishachok” (“Donkey” or “Burro”) by Soviet pilots, figured prominently in the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Battle of Khalkhin Gol and the Spanish Civil War – where it was called the Rata (“Rat”) by the Nationalists or Mosca (“Fly”) by the Republicans.

General characteristics

• Crew: One
• Length: 6.13 m (20 ft 1 in)
• Wingspan: 9 m (29 ft 6 in)
• Height: 3.25 m (10 ft 8 in)
• Wing area: 14.5 m² (156.1 ft²)
• Empty weight: 1,490 kg (3,285 lb)
• Loaded weight: 1,941 kg (4,279 lb)
• Max. takeoff weight: 2,095 kg (4,619 lb)
• Powerplant: 1 × Shvetsov M-63 supercharged air-cooled radial engine, 820 kW (1,100 hp) driving a two-blade propeller

Performance

• Maximum speed: 525 km/h (283 kn, 326 mph) at 3,000 m (9,845 ft)
• Range: 700 km (378 nmi, 435 mi (with drop tanks))
• Service ceiling: 9,700 m (31,825 ft)
• Rate of climb: 14.7 m/s (2,900 ft/min)
• Wing loading: 134 kg/m² (27 lb/ft²)
• Power/mass: 346 W/kg (0.21 hp/lb)
• Time to altitude: 5.8 minutes to 5,000 m (16,405 ft)

Armament

• 2 × fixed forward-firing 7.62 mm (0.30 in) ShKAS machine guns in upper cowling
• 2 × fixed forward-firing 20 mm (0.79 in) ShVAK cannons in the wings
• 6 × unguided RS-82 rockets or up to 500 kg (1,102 lb) of bombs

The Soviet Air Forces (Russian: Военно-воздушные силы, Voyenno-Vozdushnye Sily (VVS), literally “Military Air Forces”) was the official designation of one of the air forces of the Soviet Union. The other was the Soviet Air Defence Forces.

Военно-воздушные силы СССР Voyenno-vozdushnye sily SSSR
Flag of the Soviet Air Force
Founded	24 May 1918
Disbanded	26 December 1991
Country	Soviet Union
Size	10,100 aircraft (1973) 7,859 aircraft (1990)
Main staff	Moscow
March	“March of the Pilots”
Commanders
Commander-in-Chief of the Soviet Air Forces	See list
Insignia
Roundel
Aircraft flown
Attack	Su-22, Su-24, Su-25, MiG-27
Bomber	Tu-16, Tu-22, Tu-95, Tu-160
Fighter	MiG-21, MiG-23, MiG-25, MiG-29, Su-27
Helicopter	Mi-2, Mi-8, Mi-17, Mi-14
Attack helicopter	Mi-24
Transport	Il-76, An-12, An-22, An-124